India’s Economic Survey 2026 has underscored the critical role of private capital and climate‑resilient technologies in enhancing agricultural productivity and ensuring sustainable growth in the sector. The report identifies persistent structural and market-related challenges in Indian agriculture, including fragmented landholdings, exposure to climate risks, and poor integration with markets, which continue to constrain farmers’ incomes and output potential.
According to the survey, mobilising private investment in agriculture is essential to modernise farming practices, adopt advanced technologies, and improve overall efficiency. Climate-smart innovations, such as drought‑tolerant seeds, precision irrigation, and digital farm management tools, are highlighted as pivotal solutions to help farmers adapt to changing weather patterns and mitigate climate-related losses.
The report also emphasises the importance of strengthening Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) and agricultural cooperatives. By aggregating small and marginal farmers, these institutions can improve access to credit, inputs, and technology, while also facilitating better bargaining power in markets. Enhanced market access and improved logistics infrastructure are identified as crucial for reducing post-harvest losses, linking farmers directly with consumers, and ensuring fair pricing.
“Private investment combined with climate-resilient technologies can significantly transform the agricultural landscape in India,” the report notes. “Focused support for FPOs, cooperatives, and market integration will be central to improving farm productivity, profitability, and sustainability.”
The Economic Survey further recommends policy interventions that encourage public-private partnerships, promote digital platforms for supply chain management, and incentivise adoption of sustainable practices. These measures aim not only to boost output but also to make agriculture more resilient to environmental and economic shocks.
With small and marginal farmers forming the majority of the workforce, the survey highlights that targeted interventions, supported by technology and finance, can drive inclusive growth and strengthen India’s position in global agricultural markets.
By integrating investment, innovation, and market reforms, the Economic Survey envisions a modern, climate-smart, and economically viable agricultural sector that benefits farmers while supporting national food security objectives.
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